Stemona herb health benefit and review of various species

Stemona is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Stemonaceae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia and northern Australasia.

Stemona curtisii Hook

Stemona japonica stems and leaves have many alkaloids including 6beta-hydroxystemofoline, 16-hydroxystemofoline, neostemofoline, protostemodiol, and 13-demethoxy-11(S*),12(R*)-dihydroprotostemonine.

Stemona saxorum grows in Vietnam and has alkaloids, cochinchistemoninone, stemokerrin-N-oxide, oxystemokerrilactone, saxorumamide, and isosaxorumamide.

Stemona sessilifolia has bibenzyls, stilbostemins M-O, a tocopherol, 6-methoxy-3,4-dehydro-delta-tocopherol, 3,5-dihydroxy-2'-methoxy bibenzyl, 3,5-dihydroxy bibenzyl, beta-tocopherol, stemanthrene, and gamma-tocopherol.

Stemona tuberosa roots have dihydrostilbenes, stilbostemins N-Y, and a phenanthraquinone, stemanthraquinone.

Semisynthesis and Biological Activity of Stemofoline Alkaloids.
J Nat Prod. 2009. School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia, Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50202, Thailand, and Department of Environmental Quality Promotion, Bangkok, Thailand.
The semisynthesis of the Stemona alkaloids (3'R)-stemofolenol, (3'S)-stemofolenol, methylstemofoline, and (3'S)-hydroxystemofoline and the unnatural analogues (11E)-methylstemofoline and 3'R-hydroxystemofoline has been achieved starting from (11Z)-1',2'-didehydrostemofoline. In a quantitative assay as AChE inhibitors, (11Z)-1',2'-didehydrostemofoline and (3'S)-hydroxystemofoline were found to be the most active.

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